Técnicas de impacto hidrológico cero a nivel predial
Date
2022-12-12Author
Ruberto, Alejandro Ricardo
Mendoza, Renato
Wojicki, Oscar
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Se aborda el proyecto de un barrio en la ciudad de Corrientes de alta densidad poblacional actual. Para mitigarlo se buscó la solución mediante Sistemas de Drenajes Urbanos Sostenibles (SUDS) a nivel de lote. Se adoptó una lluvia de diseño de cinco años con curvas IDF de Resistencia, Chaco, definiendo el hietograma con el método de bloques alternos y convertido en caudal se obtuvo el hidrograma de entrada. Se propuso retardar los excesos con tanques de almacenamiento de cuatro medidas, comparando el caudal pico, tiempo de retardo, volumen retenido y amortización del costo del retardador, con la alícuota del impuesto inmobiliario municipal para cada medida, eligiendo finalmente la óptima. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad para distintos porcentajes de instalación de retardadores en viviendas: 25% hasta 100%; para capacidades de 850 a 2.750 litros, obteniendo disminución del caudal pico entre 26% a 56%, con retardos de 1´56´´ a 8´36´´ y amortización entre 11 a 17 meses. La solución con tanques de almacenamiento de agua se presenta como una opción económica, rápida y eficiente pa ra reducir el impacto hidrológico de superficies impermeables sobre el sistema mayor de desagües pluviales, resultando importante que mayor porcentaje poblacional los utilice para mayor eficiencia. This project’s scope includes a neighborhood in the city of Corrientes which has a current high population density. In order to mitigate the hydrological impact, a solution was sought through Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) at a lot level. A five -year rainfall design with IDF curves from Resistencia, Chaco was adopted in order to determine the hyetograph, and with an alternating block method and converting it into volume, the hyetograph input was obtained. The objective of delaying any excess was achieved with storage tanks of four different sizes. The peak volume, delay time, retaining volume and amortization of the cost of the retarder were compared with the municipal real estate tax rate for each tank size, finally choosing the best option. A sensitivity analysis was performed for different percentages of installation of retarders in dwellings: 25% up to 100%; for capacities of 221 to 715 gallons, a reduction of the peak volume between 26% and 56%, with delays of 1' 56'' to 8' 36'' and amortization between 11 and 17 months was obtained.
The solution with water storage tanks appeared to be an economical, quick and efficient option in order to reduce the hydrologic impact of impervious surfaces on the major system of pluvial drainages; therefore, it is important that a higher percentage of the population utilize them for better efficiency.
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